More specifically, required temporal resolution, flow plane locations, use of baseline correction, and applied PWV curve analysis methods differ between studies. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging agrees with invasive measurements of PWV but is limited by lack of standardization. Whereas carotid-femoral applanation tonometry is commonly used for measuring PWV, this method lacks in precision. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an established surrogate marker for arterial stiffness and an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. It provides required temporal resolution for phase-contrast flow acquisitions for typical heartrates in neonates and adolescents, and supports 3D angiography and time-to-foot with automatic baseline correction for accurate PWV measurements.Īrterial stiffness is a predictor for long-term cardiovascular disease.
This study is a step toward standardization of PWV in neonates and adolescents using CMR. In neonates, transit time methods did not differ (all p > 0.19) but in adolescents PWV was higher for TTF (3.8 ± 0.5 m/s) and maximum upslope (3.7 ± 0.6 m/s) compared to TTP (2.7 ± 1.0 m/s p < 0.0001).
Velocity and flow-derived PWV measurements did not differ in either group (all p > 0.08). Agreement in PWV between automatic and manual baseline correction was − 0.2 ± 0.3 m/s in neonates and 0.0 ± 0.1 m/s in adolescents. Aortic length differences by overview images and 3D angiography in adolescents were − 16–18 mm (aortic arch) and − 25–30 mm (thoracic aorta). In adolescents, corresponding values were 39 and 32. In neonates, required timeframes per cardiac cycle for accurate PWV was 42 for the aortic arch and 41 for the thoracic aorta. Velocity and flow curves, transit time methods (time-to-foot (TTF), maximum upslope, and time-to-peak (TTP)), and baseline correction methods (no correction, automatic and manual) were investigated. Fifteen neonates and 71 adolescents underwent CMR with reference standard 3D angiography and phase-contrast flow acquisitions, and in a subset coronal overview images. A computer phantom was created to validate the temporal resolution required for accurate PWV. The aim of this study was to investigate methodological aspects of PWV measurements by CMR in neonates and adolescents. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) lacks standardization.
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